NEURAL NETWORK CAPTCHA CRACKER

NEURAL NETWORK CAPTCHA CRACKER A CAPTCHA (acronym for Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart ) is a type of challenge-response test used to determine whether or not a user providing the response is human. In this project, we used a deep neural network framework for CAPTCHA recognition. The core idea of the project is to learn a model that breaks image-based CAPTCHAs. We used convolutional neural networks and recurrent neural networks instead of the conventional methods of CAPTCHA breaking based on segmenting and recognizing a CAPTCHA. Our models consist of two convolutional layers to learn image features and a recurrent layer to output character sequence. We tried different configurations, including wide and narrow layers and deep and shallow networks. We synthetically generated a CAPTCHA dataset of varying complexity and used different libraries to avoid overfitting on one library. We trained on both fixed-and variable-length CAPTCHAs and were able to get accuracy levels of 99.8% and 80%, respectively

Comparative Study of Leakage Reduction Techniques for Domino Logic Circuit

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Association of vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy with preeclampsia and eclampsia

Background: Vitamin D was considered important for bone and calcium. Historically thought to be important for bone and calcium metabolism but recent studies have redefined its role. There is some evidence now that low levels of Vitamin D are associated with the risk of preeclampsia but more studies are needed to prove the same. This study was done to determine whether vitamin D deficiency is an independent risk factor for preeclampsia/eclampsia.Methods: In this prospective case control study vitamin D levels were estimated in 92 women divided into two groups. Group 1(n = 42) included pregnant women with preeclampsia/eclampsia and group 2(n = 50) included uncomplicated pregnant women admitted in labour ward for delivery. The frequency of risk factors for preeclampsia/eclampsia were compared in two groups. Statistical analysis was done using the multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results: Almost 100% women in both groups had low vitamin D levels. Mean serum 25(OH)D levels were significantly less in Group 1(6.7236ng/ml) as compared to group 2(9.8862 ng/ml, p = 0.004). 83.3% of women in group 1 had severe deficiency (25(OH)D levels <10 ng/ml) compared to 68% women in group 2. All women (100%) in group 1 had vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/ml) as compared to 92% in group 2 but this was not statistically significant.Conclusions: Although mean serum 25(OH)D levels were significantly less in preeclampsia/eclampsia group, prevelance of vitamin D deficiency was not significantly different in pregnant women with preeclampsia/eclampsia as compared to women who did not have preeclampsia/eclampsia

Sphenoorbital Encephalocele and Globe Subluxation in a Case of Neurofibromatosis 1

Neurofibromatosis (NF) is a genetic abnormality that affects the cell growth of neural tissue, leading to tumor growths that impact skin, nervous system, eyes, and other organs. NF is divided into two primary subgroups: NF Type 1 (NF1) also known as Von Recklinghausen or peripheral NF and NF2 also known as bilateral acoustic NF and central NF. The common ophthalmic manifestations of NF1 include Lisch nodules, optic nerve glioma, and plexiform neurofibroma within the lid and retinal glial hamartoma. We present the case of a 45-year-old male NF1 patient who presented with pulsating eccentric proptosis and globe subluxation along with various other systemic and ophthalmic manifestations. In this case report, we will be highlighting the clinical and radiological findings of the patient

Attachment Style, Perceived Social Support and Loneliness among College Students

Loneliness is an invisible epidemic that has swept across the world and has manifested as a serious mental and societal adjustment issues, etc. The present study was designed to make a comparison between males and females on attachment styles (dimensions),Perceived Social Support (dimension) and Loneliness. The authors also examined the relationship between loneliness, attachment style, and perceived social support and Attachment Style and Perceived Social Support as Predictors of Loneliness among College Students. 256 Students studying in Jamia Millia Islamia, and Delhi University were selected through purposive sampling. Measure of Attachment Style Questionnaire, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support and UCLA Loneliness Scale were administered. Results of the study indicated that both Ambivalent and Avoidant attachment style emerged as a predictor of loneliness. Males experienced greater loneliness as compared to female counterparts. Our study is specific and relevant to parents, mental health professionals and educators working with college students

Bilateral Sturge–Weber Syndrome With Glaucoma: A Rare Presentation

Sturge–Weber syndrome (SWS) or encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis is a rare congenital and dermatological disorder. It is one of the phakomatoses and is associated with unilateral port-wine stain of the face, ipsilateral glaucoma, seizures, mental retardation, and ipsilateral leptomeningeal angioma. However, different variants have been described. We describe the case of a 13-year-old female patient with bilateral SWS associated with advanced glaucoma in both the eyes and absent neurological involvement. Surgical treatment with Ahmed glaucoma valve was performed in both the eyes at an interval of 2 weeks for achieving a lower level of intraocular pressure

Chronic Ulcerative Eyelid Lesion: A Rare Manifestation of Tuberculosis

Any organ system in the body can be affected by tuberculosis (TB). While pulmonary TB is the most common presentation, extrapulmonary TB including ocular TB is also an important clinical problem. Most commonly, ocular TB presents as anterior uveitis or choroiditis, which is caused either by hematogenous infection or hypersensitivity after another organ infection. Eyelid involvement by TB is mostly secondary to orbital TB and often presents as a draining sinus. Isolated eyelid TB is, however, uncommon. We present the case of a 6-year-old girl with eyelid TB presenting as chronic nonhealing skin ulcer

N-acetyl L-cysteine attenuates oxidative damage and neurodegeneration in rat brain during aging

N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) is a precursor of cysteine, which is known to increase the level of glutathione (GSH) in the brain. Several neurodegenerative changes linked to oxidative stress take place in the aging brain. This study aimed to assess the neuroprotective effect of NAC supplementation on age-dependent neurodegeneration in the rat brain. Young (4 months) and old (24 months) Wistar rats (n = 6 rats/group) were supplemented with NAC (100 mg/kg b.w. orally) for 14 days. Enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase and catalase, and GSH and total thiol respectively, prooxidants such as protein carbonyl, advanced oxidation protein products, reactive oxygen species, and malondialdehyde were assessed in the brain homogenates. Furthermore, nitric oxide level, acetylcholinesterase activity, and Na+/K+–ATPase activity were measured and gene expression studies were also performed. The results indicated that NAC augmented the level of enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants with a significant reduction in prooxidant levels in old rats. NAC supplementation also downregulated the expression of inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) and upregulated the expression of marker genes associated with aging (sirtuin-1) and neurodegeneration (neuron-specific enolase, neuroglobin, synapsin-I, myelin basic protein 2) in old rats. The present findings support a neuroprotective role of NAC which has therapeutic implication in controlling age-related neurological disorders.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author